![]() ![]() ![]() Different classifications (“contrary” or “remedial” virtues the fourfold hierarchy of Macrobius monastic, economical, political virtues) existed as well. In theology, the cardinal virtues figured next to virtues of a biblical origin from the twelfth century, the three theological and the four cardinal virtues were combined as the seven principal virtues of Christendom. The most widespread catalogue of moral virtues was the Platonic quartet of the four cardinal virtues, which medieval authors sought to reconcile with Aristotle’s scheme of five intellectuals and 11 moral virtues. From the twelfth century, a philosophical notion of virtue as a humanly acquired habitus coexisted in medieval moral thought with a religious notion of virtue as a divine gift.
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